āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ
đ āĻāĻ-āϞāĻžāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ â āϰā§āϞāĻāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋ âāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϞâ
đ āĻļā§āϰā§āώ ā§Šā§ĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž)
| āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ | āĻŽā§āϞ-āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ | āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§ āĻāϰ⧠| āĻŽā§āĻŽā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšā§āĻ |
|---|---|---|---|
| ⧧⧍ | āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž | āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϞāĻ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰ⧠| ⧧⧍ = âāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ-āĻā§â āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻ āϰāĻžāĻāĻāϏā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ |
| ā§§ā§Š | āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻāϏā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋāϞ | âā§§ā§Šâ = āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻ āĻļā§āĻ | |
| ā§§ā§Ē | āĻāĻāύā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āϏāĻŽāϤāĻž | ā§§ā§Ē = ā§§-ā§Ē, âāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ-āĻĢāϰ-āĻ āϞâ | |
| ā§§ā§Ģ | āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āώāĻŽā§āϝ āύā§āĻ | ā§§ā§Ģ = āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āύā§āĻ â āĻĒāĻā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āύā§āĻ | |
| ā§§ā§Ŧ | āĻāϰā§āĻŽāϏāĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āϏā§āϝā§āĻ | ā§§ā§Ŧ = āĻāĻžāĻāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ (+ā§§) | |
| ā§§ā§ | āĻ āϏā§āĻĒā§āĻļā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒ | ā§§ā§ = âā§§-ā§â āϏā§āĻāĻž āϰā§āĻāĻž â āĻāĻžāϤ āϰā§āĻāĻž āϏāϰāĻžāĻ | |
| ā§§ā§Ž | āĻāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒ | ā§§ā§Ž = āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻ (āϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϞ⧠āĻĻāĻžāĻ) | |
| ⧧⧝ | āĻŦāĻžāĻāϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ | ⧧⧝ = âā§§-⧝â āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāϏā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āϞāĻž | |
| ⧍⧧ | āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ | ⧍⧧ = āĻŦā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ âāĻā§āĻŦāύâ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ | |
| ⧍⧧A | ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§Ē āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝ⧠āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž | A = āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ A | |
| ā§¨ā§Š | āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāώāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ | ā§¨ā§Š = āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ âā§¨ā§Šâ āĻā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻŽ (āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāĻ) | |
| ⧍ā§Ē | āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āύāĻŋāώāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ (<ā§§ā§Ē āĻŦāĻāϰ) | ⧍ā§Ē = ⧍+ā§Ē=ā§Ŧ, ā§§ā§Ē-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ | |
| ⧍ā§Ģ | āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž | ⧍ā§Ģ = āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧāĻĻāĻŋāύ (⧍ā§Ģ āĻĄāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ) | |
| ā§Šā§¨ | āϏāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ | ā§Šā§¨ = âā§Š-⧍â āϏā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻ | |
| ā§Ģā§§A | āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ (ā§§ā§ĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ) | ā§Ģā§§A = âā§Ģā§§â āϏā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻā§ | |
| ā§Ŧā§Ļ | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļāĻĒāĻĨ | ā§Ŧā§Ļ = âā§Ŧā§Ļâ āϏā§āĻā§āύā§āĻĄā§ āĻļāĻĒāĻĨ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ | |
| ā§ā§¨ | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāĻž āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž | ā§ā§¨ = âā§ā§¨â āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž | |
| ā§ā§Ē | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻāĻž | ā§ā§Ē = āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ âā§ā§Ēâ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ⧠| |
| ā§ā§Ŧ | āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϰ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰā§āύāĻŋ-āĻā§āύāĻžāϰā§āϞ | ā§ā§Ŧ = âāϞ-ā§ā§Ŧâ āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āĻ | |
| ā§Žā§Ģ āĻ ā§§ā§ā§Ē | āϏāĻāϏāĻĻ āĻ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻāύāϏāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāύ | ā§Žā§Ģ (P) ā§§ā§ā§Ē (S) â ā§ŽÃā§Ģ=ā§Ēā§Ļ, ā§§Ãā§ā§Ē=ā§ā§Ē; ā§Ēā§Ļ+ā§ā§Ē=ā§§ā§§ā§Ē, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ P=ā§Žā§Ģ, S=ā§§ā§ā§Ē | |
| ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ āĻ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ē | āϏāĻžāĻāϏāĻĻ/āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ | ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ āϞā§āĻ, ⧧⧝ā§Ē āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ (ā§§+ā§Ļ+ā§Ģ=ā§Ŧ, ā§§+⧝+ā§Ē=ā§§ā§Ē; ā§ŦâāϞā§āĻ, ā§§ā§ĒâāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ) | |
| ā§§ā§Ļā§Ž | āϝā§āĻĨ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāύ | ā§§ā§Ļā§Ž = âā§§-ā§Ļā§Žâ āĻāϰā§āϰāĻŋ āϝā§āĻĨ | |
| ā§§ā§¨ā§Š | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž | ā§§ā§¨ā§Š = ā§§-⧍-ā§Š āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ | |
| ā§§ā§Ēā§Š | āϏā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻāĻāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ | ā§§ā§Ēā§Š = ā§§-ā§Ē-ā§Š âāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻžâ SC | |
| ā§§ā§Ģā§Ģ | āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻĒāĻžāϞ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ | ā§§ā§Ģā§Ģ = âā§§-ā§Ģā§Ģâ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āύ | |
| ā§§ā§Ŧā§§ | āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻĒāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāĻž āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž | ā§§ā§Ŧā§§ = âā§§-ā§Ŧā§§â āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž | |
| ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ģ | āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻĄāĻā§āĻā§āĻ-āĻā§āύāĻžāϰā§āϞ | ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ģ = âā§§-ā§Ŧā§Ģâ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻāύ | |
| ā§¨ā§§ā§Š | āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻĒāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž | ā§¨ā§§ā§Š = ⧍-ā§§-ā§Š āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāĻāύ | |
| ⧍⧍ā§Ŧ | āĻšāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ | ⧍⧍ā§Ŧ = â⧍-⧍ā§Ŧâ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ āĻĄāĻā§āĻ HC | |
| ā§Šā§Ģ⧍ | āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāϰā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž | ā§Šā§Ģ⧍ = âā§Š-ā§Ģ-⧍â āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āύā§āϝāĻŧ | |
| ā§Šā§Ģā§Ŧ | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ (āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ) | ā§Šā§Ģā§Ŧ = ā§Šā§Ģ+ā§Ŧ=ā§Ēā§§ â âāĻĢāϰ-āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύâ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻāĻāϞ | |
| ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļ | āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž | ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļ = ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļ° āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ |
âī¸ āϤāĻŋāύ-āϏā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āĻ: āĻāϰā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ
| āϧāϰāύ | āĻ āύā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ | āĻā§ āĻā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰ⧠| āĻ āύā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāύāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻĒāĻā§āώ | āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻ (ā§§āĻŽ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ | ā§Šā§Ģ⧍ | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ | āϞā§āĻāϏāĻāĻž (>ÂŊ + â ) | ā§Ŧ āĻŽāĻžāϏ |
| āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ (āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ) | ā§Šā§Ģā§Ŧ | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ | āϞā§āĻāϏāĻāĻž (>ÂŊ) | ā§Ŧ āĻŽāĻžāϏ |
| āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ | ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļ | āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ | āϞā§āĻāϏāĻāĻž (>ÂŊ) | ⧍ āĻŽāĻžāϏ |
āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻļāϞ: ā§Š-ā§Ģ-ā§Ŧ-ā§Ļ â ā§Šā§Ģ⧍-ā§Šā§Ģā§Ŧ-ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļ (āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ āĻ āϧāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§)āĨ¤
đī¸ āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ/āĻĒāĻĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ)
| āĻĒāĻĻ | āĻ āύā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻĻ |
|---|---|
| āϏā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻā§āϰā§āĻ | ⧧⧍ā§Ē-ā§§ā§Ēā§ |
| āĻšāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰā§āĻ | ⧍⧧ā§Ē-ā§¨ā§Šā§§ |
| CAG | ā§§ā§Ēā§Ž |
| āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ | ā§Šā§¨ā§Ē |
| āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ | ā§¨ā§Žā§Ļ |
| UPSC | ā§Šā§§ā§Ģ-ā§Šā§¨ā§Š |
| āĻāĻžāώāĻžāĻāϤ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāϰā§āĻŽāĻāϰā§āϤāĻž | ā§Šā§Ģā§ĻB |
| āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ SC-āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ | ā§Šā§Šā§Ž |
| āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ ST-āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ | ā§Šā§Šā§ŽA |
āĻā§āĻļāϞ: âā§Šā§¨ā§Ē EC, ā§¨ā§Žā§Ļ FC, ā§§ā§Ēā§Ž CAGâ â ā§Šā§¨ā§Ē-ā§¨ā§Žā§Ļ-ā§§ā§Ēā§Ž (āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŽā§ āĻ āϧāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽā§)āĨ¤
đŗī¸ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻ āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϤ
- ā§Šā§¨ā§Ē â āϏā§āĻĒāĻžāϰ-āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ EC (āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ, āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ)
- ā§Šā§¨ā§Ģ â āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§ āϧāϰā§āĻŽ, āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ āϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻž
- ā§Šā§¨ā§Ŧ â āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ (ā§§ā§Ž+)
- ⧍ā§Ēā§Š â ā§ā§ŠāϤāĻŽ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻ IX (āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϤ)
- ⧍ā§Ēā§ŠK â āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϤā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝ EC-āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĒāĻŋāϤ (⧍ā§Ēā§Š-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤā§āĻ, āϤāĻŦā§ K āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠âāĻāĻžāĻāĻâ)
đ§ ā§Šā§Ļ-āϏā§āĻā§āύā§āĻĄā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻāϞāĻž
â⧧⧍-ā§§ā§Š-ā§§ā§Ē-ā§§ā§Ģ-ā§§ā§Ŧ-ā§§ā§-ā§§ā§Ž-⧧⧝-⧍⧧-ā§¨ā§Š-⧍ā§Ē-⧍ā§Ģ-ā§Šā§¨â
āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦā§āύ: âāĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āϞāĻ-āĻĨāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāύ-āĻĢā§āϰāĻāĻŋāύ-āĻĢāĻŋāĻĢāĻāĻŋāύ-āϏāĻŋāĻā§āϏāĻāĻŋāύ-āϏā§āĻā§āύāĻāĻŋāύ-āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāύ-āύāĻžāĻāύāĻāĻŋāύ-āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āύā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ-āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āύā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻĨā§āϰāĻŋ-āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āύā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻĢā§āϰ-āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§āύā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ-āĻĨāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻā§â â āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ FR āĻāĻžāύ; ā§Šā§¨-āϤ⧠āĻļā§āώ (āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻāĻž)āĨ¤